Who Is at Risk?
Certain people have a greater likelihood of developing vitamin B12 deficiency or difficulty absorbing the vitamin.
- Vegetarians and Vegans: Because naturally occurring B12 is concentrated in animal-derived foods, people who avoid these foods need reliable sources from fortified foods or supplements.
- Older Adults: Some older adults have reduced absorption of B12 because of changes affecting stomach acid or other digestive processes.
- Individuals With Digestive Disorders: Conditions affecting the stomach or small intestine, including some cases of Crohn’s disease, as well as certain gastrointestinal surgeries, can interfere with B12 absorption.
How to Increase Vitamin B12 Levels
If a deficiency is suspected or confirmed, the appropriate approach depends on the cause and severity.
Dietary Sources
Foods containing vitamin B12 include meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. People following plant-based diets can obtain B12 from appropriately fortified foods.
Fortified Foods
Some plant-based milks, breakfast cereals, nutritional yeast products, and
